DATABASE

What is a database?

nA database is any collection of information that has something in common.  It does not matter whether or not this information is stored on a computer.

ne.g. a telephone book, a set of top trumps cards

The DBMS acts as an interface between what two components of an enterprise-class database system?

A. Database application and the database B. Data and the database C. The user and the database application D. Database application and SQL

HOW TO DRAW A LIP

 HOW TO DRAW A LIP :

1

Draw three overlapping circles in an imaginary triangular area.

2

Create an open pea shape-like area touching the edges of the upper and the bottom circles.

3

Make a couple of wavy lines within the pea-shape –the bigger one in the centre of the area and the smaller one in the upper area of the pea.

4

Join the edges of the centre wavy line to the tapered corners of the pea-shape.

5

Erase the circle-guides.

DATA HANDLING

 KEY WORDS :

Data :  Raw facts and figures entered into a computer .

Database : A series of tables\ lists stored in a computer that can be accessed in variety  of ways.

 Hypothesis : A statement that can be proved or disproved (i.e proved right or wrong )

Data from questionnaires will be entered  into a specially created database structure. This database structure will make use of validation  checks to eliminate as many errors as possible .

Questionnaire : A document containing questions , which is filled in to supply information .

  

THE SPANISH ARMADA

The Spanish Armada sailed from Spain in July 1588. The Spanish Armada's task was to overthrow protestant England lead by Queen Elizabeth I. The Spanish Armada proved to be an expensive disaster for the Spanish  but for the English it was a celebrated victory making Sir Francis Drake even more of a hero than he already was and even having an impact on Tudor Christmas celebrations!

Why did Spain want to overthrow Elizabeth? There were a number of reasons.

At the time of Elizabeth, Spain controlled what was called the Spanish Netherlands. This consisted of modern day Holland and Belgium.  In particular, Holland wanted its independence. They did not like being made to be Catholic; in fact, Protestant ideas had taken root in Holland and many of those in Holland were secret Protestants. If they had publicly stated their Protestant beliefs, their lives would have been in danger. Spain used a religious secret police called the Inquisition to hunt out Protestants. However, during Elizabeth's reign, the English had been helping the Dutch Protestants in Holland. This greatly angered the king of Spain - Philip II - who wanted to stop this. He had for a short time been married to Elizabeth's half-sister, Mary, and when they were married, England was Catholic. With England under his control, Philip could control the English Channel and his ships could have an easy passage from Spain to the Spanish Netherlands. Spanish troops stationed there could be easily supplied.
also English 'sea-dogs' had been causing a great deal of damage to Spain's trade in silver. Men such as Sir Francis Drake attacked Spanish shipping off of the West Indies and Spain lost a vast sum of money when the ships carrying silver sunk or had their cargo captured by Drake. To the English, Drake was a hero but to the Spanish he was nothing more than a pirate who, in their view, was allowed to do what he did with the full knowledge of the queen. This the Spanish could not accept.
In 1587, Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed in England on the orders of Elizabeth. Mary, Queen of Scots, was a Catholic and Philip II believed that he had a duty to ensure no more Catholics were arrested in England and that no more should be executed. Mary, Queen of Scots, had also made it clear that if she became queen of England, Philip should inherit the throne after her death.

Hence his decision to attack and invade England.\

QUIZ 

1.In the late 1500s, who was the ruler of Spain?

Elizabeth I

Philip II

Rudolph

2.

When did the Spanish navy defeat the Ottoman Empire?

1569

1571

1580

3.

Which English queen did Philip II marry?

Mary I

Elizabeth

Mary, Queen of Scots

4.

Who was Queen of England in 1588?

Mary I

Elizabeth

Mary, Queen of Scots

5.

What convinced Philip that he had to invade England?

English privateers robbing Spanish ships.

Elizabeth helped the Dutch in their rebellion.

Elizabeth had Mary, Queen of Scots executed.

6.

What is the name given to Philip's fleet of ships?

Royal Navy

Armada

Sea Beggars

7.

Who was in charge of the Armada when it sailed?

Duke of Parma

Duke of Santa Cruz

Duke of Medina Sidonia

8.

As the Armada sailed up the Channel, what formation did it take to make it difficult to attack?

Line

Crescent

Blocks

9.

How did the English get the Spanish ships to break their defensive formation?

They cut their anchors.

They sent in fireships.

They fired broadsides.

10.

What did the Spanish fleet do next?

They sailed back down the Channel.

They sailed north.

They invaded England.

FARMING IN EUROPE

Farming is example of a primary industry. Farmers plough the land to grow cereals , such  as wheat and barley , and vegetables . They rear animals for meat and milk. Farmers also have to preserve the countryside for us all to enjoy . There are many different types of farming in Europe.

AVIARIES FARM :

Aviaries Farm is over 400 hectares in size (one hectare is about twice the size of a football field )
Aviaries Farm is a large farm located near the town of Wincanton in Somerest . It is an organic farm. Unlike most farms in the UK , organic farms do not use chemicals to fertilize the soil or to kill pests. They also avoid using medicines and hormones on their livestock. (Non-Organic farms will use all these things to increase their yields and cut their costs.)

                                                                               QUIZ 

Q1) What is farming ?
Q2) What is an organic farm?
Q3) Write a note on Aviaries farm .
Q4) What is mixed farming ?

MEASURES

Length –

•  1 km = 1000 m
•  1 m = 100 cm
•  1 cm = 10 mm
•  1 inch = 2.5 cm
•  1 foot = 30 cm
•  1 mile = 1.60 km
•  5 miles = 8 km

   Capacity –

•  1 pint = 570 ml
•  1 gallon = 4.5 litres
•  1 3/4 pints = 1 litres
•  1 litre= 1000 ml
•  1 cl = 10 ml

  Mass –

•  1 pound= 450 grams
•  2.2 pounds = 1 kg
• 1 kg = 1000 grams
• 1 tonne = 1000 kg
• 1 gram= 1000 mg

Questions:

9 pints =          litres

2 gallon =             litres

5 miles =               metres

ARE ALL ALKALI DANGEROUS ?

The word "alkali" is  meaning the calcined ashes (see calcinations), referring to the original source of alkaline substances. A water-extract of burned plant ashes, called potash and composed mostly of potassium carbonate, was mildly basic. After heating this substance with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), a far more strongly basic substance known as caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) was produced. Caustic potash was traditionally used in conjunction with animal fats to produce soft soaps, one of the caustic processes that rendered soaps from fats in the process of saponification, one known since antiquity. Plant potash lent the name to the element potassium, which was first derived from caustic potash, and also gave potassium its chemical symbol K (from the German name Kalium), which ultimately derived from alkali.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali

                QUIZ !!!!!
1- What does alkali mean ?
2- Why is alkali dangerous ?
3- What are they used for ?